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Hardcover | $35.00 Short | £24.95 | ISBN: 9780262019088 | 200 pp. | 6 x 9 in | 3 b&w illus.| April 2013 Ebook |$25.00 Short | ISBN: 9780262313667 | 200 pp. | 6 x 9 in | 3 b&w illus.| April 2013

# The Limits of Inference without Theory

## Overview

In this rigorous and well-crafted work, Kenneth Wolpin examines the role of theory in inferential empirical work in economics and the social sciences in general—that is, any research that uses raw data to go beyond the mere statement of fact or the tabulation of statistics. He considers in particular the limits that eschewing the use of theory places on inference.

Wolpin finds that the absence of theory in inferential work that addresses microeconomic issues is pervasive. That theory is unnecessary for inference is exemplified by the expression “let the data speak for themselves.” This approach is often called “reduced form.” A more nuanced view is based on the use of experiments or quasi-experiments to draw inferences. Atheoretical approaches stand in contrast to what is known as the structuralist approach, which requires that a researcher specify an explicit model of economic behavior—that is, a theory. Wolpin offers a rigorous examination of both structuralist and nonstructuralist approaches. He first considers ex ante policy evaluation, highlighting the role of theory in the implementation of parametric and nonparametric estimation strategies. He illustrates these strategies with two examples, a wage tax and a school attendance subsidy, and summarizes the results from applications. He then presents a number of examples that illustrate the limits of inference without theory: the effect of unemployment benefits on unemployment duration; the effect of public welfare on women’s labor market and demographic outcomes; the effect of school attainment on earnings; and a famous field experiment in education dealing with class size. Placing each example within the context of the broader literature, he contrasts them to recent work that relies on theory for inference.

## About the Author

Kenneth I. Wolpin is Walter H. and Lenore C. Annenberg Professor in the Social Sciences at the University of Pennsylvania.

## Endorsements

“A well-written treatise that examines the methodological debate within applied microeconomics on the proper role of theory. It uses unimpeachable substantive arguments and illustrations drawn mainly from Kenneth Wolpin’s own stellar career.”
Christopher J. Flinn, Department of Economics, New York University; Senior Research Fellow, Collegio Carlo Alberto"—

“Kenneth Wolpin makes an original, sound, and persuasive argument for the importance of using theory in conducting empirical work.”
Robert Moffitt, Department of Economics, Johns Hopkins University"—

“Kenneth Wolpin is one of the deepest thinkers in labor economics. He has made pathbreaking contributions to the empirical study of labor markets. Many junior and senior researchers in the field will enjoy this book.”
Gerard J. van den Berg, Department of Economics, University of Mannheim"—